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Languages of Italy
There are a variety of regional languages spoken to varying degrees in Italy, most of which belong to various branches of the Romance languages and are hence descendants of Vulgar Latin. The official and most widely spoken language is Italian, a descendant of Tuscan.
All Romance varieties spoken in Italy, except Standard Italian, are often colloquially called "dialects" in the literature, although the term may coexist with other labels such as "minority languages" or "vernaculars."〔; ; ; .〕 However, the use of the term "dialect" to refer to the languages of Italy may erroneously suggest that the variety of languages spoken in Italy are "dialects" of Standard Italian, which is generally not the case. Rather, Standard Italian is itself a continuation of (or heavily based on) the Florentine Tuscan dialect, and most of the regional languages of Italy evolved or diverged locally from Latin alongside but independently of the dialect that would become known as Standard Italian, long before the fairly recent spread of Standard Italian throughout Italy. Thus, most regional languages in Italy are better classified as separate languages descended independently from Latin, rather than "dialects" of the Standard Italian language.
There are several minority languages that belong to other Indo-European branches, such as Cimbrian (Germanic), Arbëresh (Albanian), the Slavomolisano dialect of Serbo-Croatian (Slavic), and Griko (Hellenic). Other non-indigenous languages are spoken by a substantial percentage of the population due to immigration.
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